Thermal barrier coating for CMAS resistance and low thermal conductivity

ABSTRACT

A thermal barrier coating for a turbine engine component contains neodymia, optionally alumina, and zirconia. The thermal barrier coating has resistance to CMAS attack and a low thermal conductivity.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The instant application is a divisional application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/762,011, filed Jul. 20, 2015, which is a 371 ofInternational Application PCT/US2013/022366, filed Jan. 21, 2013.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to a thermal barrier coating for use on aturbine engine component, which thermal barrier coating containsneodymia (Nd2O3), optionally alumina, and zirconia.

Thermal barrier coatings are materially systems applied to metallicsurfaces, such as gas turbine components, which operate at elevatedtemperatures. These coatings serve to insulate components from large andprolonged heat loads by utilizing thermally insulating material whichcan sustain an appreciable temperature difference between theload-bearing alloys and the coating surface. In doing so, these coatingscan allow for higher operating temperatures while limiting the thermalexposure of structural components, extending part life by reducingoxidation and thermal fatigue.

Thermal barrier coatings are often formed from 7% yttria stabilizedzirconia (7YSZ). Such coatings may be subject to attack by infiltrationof calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate (CMAS) materials. CMAS attacks canalter the composition and fill the porosity in air plasma spray (APS)coatings or the columns in electron beam physical vapor deposition(EB-PVD) coatings. With thermal cycling, the CMAS may degrade theoverall coating system and cause it to spall off of the substrate.

Thus, there is a need for new thermal barrier coatings which are capableof avoiding the foregoing problems.

SUMMARY

In accordance with the present disclosure, there is provided a thermalbarrier coating which broadly comprises neodymia, optionally alumina,and zirconia.

In another and alternative embodiment, the thermal barrier coatingconsists of neodymia, optionally alumina, and zirconia.

In another and alternative embodiment, the thermal barrier coatingconsists of from 15 to 60 mol % neodymia, and the balance zirconia.

In another and alternative embodiment, the neodymia is present in anamount from 20 to 35 mol %.

In another and alternative embodiment, the thermal barrier coatingconsists of from 15-60 mol % neodymia, 2.0-40 mol % alumina, and thebalance zirconia.

In another and alternative embodiment, the zirconia is present in anamount greater than 40 mol %.

In another and alternative embodiment, the neodymia is present in anamount from 20 to 35 mol %.

Further in accordance with the present invention, there is provided aprocess for forming a thermal barrier coating on a turbine enginecomponent which process broadly comprises providing a substrate; anddepositing on the substrate a thermal barrier coating containingneodymia, optionally alumina, and zirconia.

In another and alternative embodiment, the depositing step comprisesforming a thermal barrier coating consisting of from 15 to 60 mol %neodymia, and the balance zirconia.

In another and alternative embodiment, the depositing step comprisesforming a thermal barrier coating consisting of from 20 to 35 mol % andthe balance zirconia.

In another and alternative embodiment, the depositing step comprisesforming a thermal barrier coating consisting of from 15-60 mol %neodymia, 2.0-40 mol % alumina, and the balance zirconia.

In another and alternative embodiment, the zirconia is present in anamount greater than 40 mol %.

In another and alternative embodiment, the neodymia is present in anamount from 20 to 35 mol %.

In another and alternative embodiment, the substrate providing stepcomprises providing a substrate formed from one of a nickel-based alloy,a cobalt-based alloy, a titanium based alloy, a ceramic-matrix compositematerial and a ceramic material.

In another and alternative embodiment, the process further comprisesforming a bond coat between the substrate and the thermal barriercoating.

Still further in accordance with the present disclosure, there isprovided a part which broadly comprises a substrate; and a thermalbarrier coating deposited on the substrate, which thermal barriercoating consists of neodymia, optionally alumina, and zirconia.

In another and alternative embodiment, the thermal barrier coatingconsists of from 15 to 60 mol % neodymia, and the balance zirconia.

In another and alternative embodiment, the neodymia is present in anamount from 20 to 35 mol %.

In another and alternative embodiment, the thermal barrier coatingconsists of from 15-60 mol % neodymia, 2.0-40 mol % alumina, and thebalance zirconia.

In another and alternative embodiment, the zirconia is present in anamount greater than 40 mol %.

In another and alternative embodiment, the neodymia is present in anamount from 20 to 35 mol %.

In another and alternative embodiment, the part further comprises a bondcoat deposited on the substrate.

In another and alternative embodiment, the part further comprises aceramic layer positioned between the substrate and the thermal barriercoating layer.

In another and alternative embodiment, the ceramic layer comprises from4.0 to 25.0 wt % yttria stabilized zirconia.

In another and alternative embodiment, the part further comprises anadditional layer consisting of neodymia and zirconia positioned betweenthe ceramic layer and the thermal barrier coating layer.

In another and alternative embodiment, the additional layer consists offrom 15 to 60 mol % neodymia, and the balance zirconia.

In another and alternative embodiment, the neodymia in the additionallayer is present in an amount from 20 to 35 mol %.

In another and alternative embodiment, the part further comprises anadditional layer consisting of an oxide stabilized zirconia coating.

In another and alternative embodiment, the oxide stabilized zirconiacoating comprises an oxide of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy,Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Mg, Ca, Hf, Sr, and combinations thereof.

Other details of the thermal barrier coating for CMAS resistance and lowthermal conductivity are set forth in the following description and theaccompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals depict likeelements.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a part having a thermal barriercoating system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a part having an alternativecoating system;

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a part having another coatingsystem; and

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a part having still anothercoating system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates a thermal barrier coating system 10 for a turbineengine component or part 11 which comprises a substrate having a surface12 onto which a thermal barrier coating system 14 has been deposited.The thermal barrier coating 14 may be deposited directly on the surface12 or, alternatively, may be deposited on top of a bond coat 16.

The part 11 may be formed from a nickel-based alloy, a titanium basedalloy, a cobalt-based alloy, a ceramic-matrix composite material, or aceramic material.

The optional bond coat 16 may be formed from a MCrAlY material, where Mmay be at least one of nickel, cobalt, and iron. Alternatively, the bondcoat may be formed from platinum, an aluminide, or a platinum-aluminide.The bond coat may be deposited using any suitable technique known in theart.

The thermal barrier coating 14 contains neodymia (Nd2O3), optionallyalumina (Al2O3), and zirconia.

In a first non-limiting embodiment, the thermal barrier coating consistsof from 15 mol % to 60 mol % neodymia and the balance zirconia.

In an alternative non-limiting embodiment, the thermal barrier coatingconsists of from 20 mol % to 35 mol % neodymia and the balance zirconia.

In still another alternative non-limiting embodiment, the thermalbarrier coating consists of from 15 mol % to 60 mol % neodymia, from 2.0mol % to 40 mol % alumina, and the balance zirconia, with said zirconiabeing present in an amount of at least 40 mol %. The alumina serves as amechanism for increasing the hardness/toughness of the coating. Thiswill help the thermal barrier coating system described herein to be moreresistant to foreign object damage.

In still another alternative non-limiting embodiment, the thermalbarrier coating consists of from 20 to 35 mol % neodymia, 2.0 mol % to40 mol % alumina, and the balance zirconia, with said zirconia beingpresent in an amount of at least 40 mol %.

Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown an alternative coating system10′ for a part 11. The coating system 10′ may include a bond coat 16deposited onto a surface 12 of the part. As before, the bond coat 16 maybe optional and, when present, may be formed from a MCrAlY material,where M may be at least one of nickel, cobalt, and iron. Alternatively,the bond coat 16 may be formed from platinum, an aluminide, or aplatinum-aluminide. A ceramic coating layer 18 may be deposited on topof the bond coat 16. The ceramic coating layer 18 may be formed from ayttria stabilized zirconia material having from 4 to 25 wt %. In a morepreferred embodiment, the deposited layer 18 may consist of yttria inthe amount of 6.0 to 9.0 wt % yttria and the balance zirconia A thermalbarrier coating layer 14 may be deposited on the ceramic coating layerand may be formed from alumina, neodymia, and zirconia. The thermalbarrier coating layer 14 may consist of from 15 mol % to 60 mol %neodymia, from 2.0 mol % to 40 mol % alumina, and the balance zirconia,with said zirconia being present in an amount of at least 40 mol %.

Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown yet another coating system 10″for a part 11. The coating system 10″ is similar to the coating systemshown in FIG. 2. It differs from the coating system shown in FIG. 2 bythe inclusion of an additional thermal barrier coating layer 20consisting of neodymia and zirconia. In a first non-limiting embodiment,the additional thermal barrier coating layer 20 may consist of from 15mol % to 60 mol % neodymia and the balance zirconia. In an alternativenon-limiting embodiment, the thermal barrier coating layer 20 mayconsist of from 20 mol % to 35 mol % neodymia and the balance zirconia.

Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown yet another coating system 10′″for a part 11. This coating system is also similar to that of FIG. 2. Itdiffers from FIG. 2 by the inclusion of an additional thermal barriercoating layer 22 which consists of an oxide stabilized zirconia coating.The oxide may be an oxide of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho,Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Mg, Ca, Hf, Sr, and combinations thereof. For example,the layer may contain from 25 to 99.9 wt % gadolinia and may have athickness in the range of from 0.5 to 50 mils. In a preferredembodiment, gadolinia is present in an amount from 40 to 70 wt %.

The coatings of the present disclosure may be deposited using one ormore of the following processes: EB-PVD, CVD, (Air) Plasma Spray,Suspension Plasma Spray, Solution Precursor Plasma Spray, and Sol-GelSlurry Techniques.

The neodymia thermal barrier coating systems described herein have alower thermal conductivity than 6-8 wt % yttria stabilized zirconia. Thethermal conductivity may be from about 0.5 to 1.5 W/m ° C. Additionally,the coating systems may have a greater resistance to CMAS than 7YSZ andan improved hardness. The density of the coating systems describedherein are similar to the density of 7 wt % yttrium stabilized zirconia.

There has been provided in accordance with the present disclosure athermal barrier coating for CMAS resistance and low thermalconductivity. While the thermal barrier coating has been described inthe context of specific embodiments thereof, other unforeseenalternatives, modifications, and variations will become apparent tothose skilled in the art having read the foregoing disclosure.Accordingly, it is intended to embrace those alternatives,modifications, and variations as fall within the broad scope of theappended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A part comprising: a substrate; a bond coat onsaid substrate; a ceramic layer on said bond coat; a first thermalbarrier coating layer on said ceramic layer, said first thermal barriercoating layer consisting of neodymia, alumina, and the balance zirconiawherein said first thermal barrier coating layer consists of from 15-60mol % neodymia, 2.0-40 mol % alumina, and the balance zirconia; and asecond thermal barrier coating layer which consists of an oxidestabilized zirconia and 25 to 99.9 wt % gadolinia.
 2. The part of claim1, wherein said neodymia is present in an amount from 20 to 35 mol %. 3.The part of claim 1, wherein said zirconia is present in an amountgreater than 40 mol %.
 4. The part of claim 1, wherein said ceramiclayer comprises from 4.0 to 25.0 wt % yttria stabilized zirconia.
 5. Thepart of claim 1, wherein said oxide comprises an oxide of La, Ce, Pr,Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Mg, Ca, Hf, Sr, andcombinations thereof.
 6. The part of claim 1, wherein said ceramic layercomprises a ceramic layer formed from an yttria stabilized zirconiamaterial.
 7. The part of claim 1, wherein said ceramic layer comprisesfrom 6.0 to 9.0 wt % yttria and the balance zirconia.